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Genetics and heredity Quiz for Grade 10

10 science questions on genetics and heredity with answers, written for Grade 10. Use it as it is, change any question, print it with an answer key, or give it online and let it grade itself.

1.
What is the basic unit of heredity? (Multiple choice)
  1. Chromosome
  2. DNA
  3. Gene
  4. Protein
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Gene

Genes carry the instructions for inherited traits.
2.
Which molecule carries genetic information in most organisms? (Multiple choice)
  1. Protein
  2. DNA
  3. RNA
  4. Lipid
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DNA

DNA contains the genetic code used to build organisms.
3.
What term describes an organism's observable traits? (Multiple choice)
  1. Allele
  2. Phenotype
  3. Genotype
  4. Chromosome
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Phenotype

Phenotype is the set of observable characteristics.
4.
True or False: Dominant alleles always mask the effect of recessive alleles. (True or false)
  1. True
  2. False
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True

Dominant alleles express their traits over recessive ones.
5.
True or False: Mitochondrial DNA is inherited only from the mother. (True or false)
  1. True
  2. False
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True

Mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited.
6.
Name the process by which cells divide to produce gametes with half the number of chromosomes. (Identification)
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Meiosis

Meiosis reduces chromosome number to form gametes.
7.
The two forms of a gene are called _____. (Fill in the blank)
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alleles

Alleles are different versions of the same gene.
8.
If a heterozygous tall pea plant (Tt) is crossed with a short pea plant (tt), what is the probability of offspring being tall? (Multiple choice)
  1. 0%
  2. 75%
  3. 25%
  4. 50%
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50%

Half the offspring inherit the dominant tall allele.
9.
Match each term with its correct description. (Matching type)
1. Genotype
A. Having two identical alleles
2. Phenotype
B. Physical traits of an organism
3. Homozygous
C. Having two different alleles
4. Heterozygous
D. Genetic makeup of an organism
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1 = Genetic makeup of an organism; 2 = Physical traits of an organism; 3 = Having two identical alleles; 4 = Having two different alleles

These terms describe genetic and physical traits and allele combinations.
10.
List three types of RNA involved in protein synthesis. (Enumeration)
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mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA each play a role in making proteins.